Giant Fans Will Soon Suck CO2 out of the Atmosphere and Turn It into Fuel.
VIDEO
While some may associate CO2 pollution
mainly with industrial plants and giant chimneys releasing the gas into the
atmosphere, the reality is that emissions from the transport sector represent
about 24 percent of global CO2 emissions and have the highest emissions growth
of all. They are also harder to limit and capture. While there are existing
technologies for trapping CO2 out of a smoke stack, for example, there haven’t
been solutions for capturing the amount already released into the atmosphere
(by cars, trucks, and planes) — CO2 that is 300 times less concentrated than
the type coming out of a smoke stack. That is until now.
In the beginning of this year,
in Squamish, British Columbia, the privately owned (and backed by Bill Gates)
company Carbon Engineering began the construction of the first
air-capture CO2 demo plant. For years, the company has been developing the
technology that is now ready to be implemented on a larger scale.
Like trees, air-capture technology traps CO2
from the ambient air. However, as the team at Carbon Engineering points
out, “planting enough trees in the numbers needed would require diverting vast
amounts of agriculturally productive land. In fact, to absorb enough CO2 as an
air-capture facility, trees would require roughly a thousand times more land.”
Unlike trees, however, air-capture plants can be built on land that cannot be
cultivated, such as deserts.
David Keith, a professor at
Harvard University School of Engineering and the executive chairman of Carbon
Engineering, together with a team of scientists has been doing CO2 capturing at
a Prototype Contactor at the University of Calgary for several years already.
The prototype system built at the University can absorb emissions from about
14-15 vehicles or about 100 kilos of carbon dioxide per day.
Simplistically put, the way the
system works is this — after the air enters into the facility, it passes
through a CO2-absorbent liquid that traps about 80 percent of the carbon
dioxide into a solution for further processing.
In the full-scale facility that is currently
being built in Squamish, the CO2 will be recovered from the carbonate solution and integrated
into the production of liquid hydrocarbons that are fully compatible with
today’s transport infrastructure, but have a low (or even zero) carbon
intensity.
The construction of the demo plant by the end
of this year will be the last step for CE before building a first-its-a-kind
commercial air-capture plant by 2017 aiming to close the CO2 cycle.
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